The Polyvagal Theory is often associated with trauma and our reactions to trauma. However, there is very important information about how we are able to associate with others and socialize with others which is related to the highest level of the autonomic nervous system as described by Polyvagal Theory. When the vental vagal pathway is active, we feel safe, we socialize, we notice social cues.
There is a heirarchy of responses to anxiety in this model from the most advanced in evolutionary terms - the ventral vagus engagment system, down toward the danger, sympathetic nervous system activation for fight or flight. At the lowest level is the dorsal vagus neural pathway which is part of our reptilian brain and nervous system. When escape doesn't seem possible or we are shutdown we are in the dorsal vagus state of activation.
Attachment theory looks at our attachment styles that are first created in the first 18 months of our lives. These patterns of attachment can be measured and understood later in life. The capacity for secure attachment exists in everyone even those who have an insecure attachment style. Through healthy corrective experiences we can become more securely attached.